68 Startling Details About Johnson Grass Control

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68 Shocking Facts About How Do You Control Johnson Grass | What Kills Johnson Grass But Not Fescue

• Successful Johnson grass control may include the use of Johnson grass herbicide. Post emergence products may be effective in outlying areas of the property. Glyphosate may work as Johnson grass control near the lawn, but can damage surrounding turf. - Source: Internet
• According to the University of California Integrated Pest Management , soil solarization—heating the soil using the sun—can help control weeds and pests without chemicals. For getting rid of Johnsongrass, this method is most effective if the rhizomes of the Johnsongrass are visibly closer to the surface. Alternatively, you can use it after tilling. - Source: Internet
• Monaghan, N. 1979. The biology of Johnson grass (Sorghum halepense). Weed Research 19: 261–267. - Source: Internet
• Johnsongrass and shattercane are generally harder and more costly to control in corn than in soybean. Traditional programs have centered around the use of EPTC (Eradicane and Eradicane Extra). With the introduction of effective foliar-applied corn herbicides and herbicide-resistant corn hybrids, additional programs can be developed to manage these troublesome weeds in corn. - Source: Internet
• This method doesn’t work well with mature Johnsongrass—remember, it can grow up to 8 feet in maturity. It can also get messy if you live somewhere that gets a lot of rain, as the newspaper will be a soggy mess and start to break down. Keep the weather in mind should you choose this course of action to get rid of Johnsongrass. - Source: Internet
• Figure 2. Johnsongrass panicle. Photo by Sarah Lancaster, K-State Research and Extension. - Source: Internet
• Johnson grass (Sorghum halenense) is a perennial grass weed that reduces crop yield in cotton, grain, soybeans and other forages. According to the U.S. National Forest Service, the troublesome grass is among the top 10 noxious weeds in the world because of its negative ecological effects. Although chemical methods of killing the grass exist, instead consider environmentally safe and organic alternatives that do not have a harmful impact on the soil. - Source: Internet
• This non-native grassy weed may reach a mature height of 5 – 8’. It’s a prolific seed producer with seed viability lasting more than 20 years. Plants also spread by underground stems called rhizomes making it a stubborn recurring weed. Dense colonies will outcompete preferred plants including landscape annuals and perennials as well as field crops. - Source: Internet
• Roundup Powermax or generics (Glyphosate). In coastal bermudagrass, glyphosate can be used as a post-emergent treatment to control newly emerged seedling Johnsongrass just after hay cutting, but before bermudagrass initiates new growth. This treatment can only be used on established bermudagrass. - Source: Internet
• Johnsongrass, especially seedling johnson****grass, can be confused with shattercane (Sorghum bicolor). Carefully digging the plant to look at attached seeds is helpful for telling the two apart. Shattercane seeds are generally more round in shape and less red in color than johnson****grass. Mature plants can be distinguished by the more either looking for rhizomes, which are absent in shattercane, or based on differences in the seeds/seed head. - Source: Internet
• Time from emergence to reproduction: Johnsongrass begins flowering about seven weeks after emergence and continues flowering until frost. Seed shed begins three month after planting and can continue for an additional three to four months. Johnsongrass flower development was most rapid at 90°F but was nil at 54°F or 104°F. The minimum temperature for rhizome formation was between 59°F and 68°F. New rhizome initiation begins approximately 30–60 days after planting, depending on the size of initial rhizome fragments. - Source: Internet
• Like any plant, Johnsongrass needs sunshine and water to grow. If you can cut off the source of both, you may be able to essentially smother the Johnsongrass in your lawn. Spread newspaper across the lawn and secure it so it won’t blow away. You may want to double or triple layer the newspaper. Leave it in place for two to four weeks. - Source: Internet
• Cultural controls are generally not effective for johnson****grass. This weed invades a wide variety of both disturbed and undisturbed sites and have varied moisture levels, pH ranges, and soil textures. Johnsongrass generally does not do well in dense shade. - Source: Internet
• Johnsongrass Growth habit Perennial overwinter organ Emergence period from perennial organs Optimum emergence depth (inches) from perennial organs Time/stage of lowest reserves Photosynthesis Type Frost Tolerance Drought Tolerance Mycorrhiza tall grass rhizomes mid-spring 0–4 6-12 inches tall, 4-8 leaves C 4 low moderate yes Fertility Response Importance of seeds to weediness Seed weight (mg) Dormancy of shed seeds Factors breaking dormancy Optimum temperarature range (F) for seed germination Seedling emergence period Emergence to flowering (weeks) high high 2.6–6.2 yes cms, li, at, ni 95/59 late spring through summer 7 - Source: Internet
• While Johnsongrass control in pastures and near agricultural crops may be the biggest concern, it can also take over lawns and residential yards. It tends to start up where the soil has been disturbed, such as freshly planted lawns or the edges of flower beds. It’s important to maintain the health of your lawn so Johnsongrass can’t take over. - Source: Internet
• Habitat: Johnsongrass is often found growing in nutrient-rich soil but can survive in any type of soil, though it is not tolerant to flooding (McWhorter 1972). It is often found in arable lands, meadows, waste places, roadsides, and field borders, and along irrigated canals and edges of irrigated fields. It is an occasional weed in nursery containers but primarily problematic in noncrop areas such as walkways, aisles, and other disturbed sites. In landscapes, it can be found in planting beds in and around ornamental plants. - Source: Internet
• These rhizomes then spring up more plants. And when you plow the ground, you break these rhizomes into segments, each of which can grow another plant. So it’s important to kill Johnsongrass at the root, rather than just take care of the aboveground plant. - Source: Internet
• Johnsongrass is widespread in the United States, possibly in all states except Maine and Minnesota. It has escaped in other parts of the world, as well. It is easily spread both by rhizomes in soil and by seed in contaminated hay and equipment. It is widespread in all Midsouth states, particularly in open areas along roadsides and in pastures. - Source: Internet
• Johnsongrass can be spread by rhizomes in soil, by seed on equipment, or in contaminated seed or hay. Mowing, movement of contaminated soil, or other activities on roadsides or fields also spread johnson****grass. Specifically, johnson****grass disseminates by seed and rhizomes. - Source: Internet
• Johnson grass (Sorghum halepense) has plagued farmers since its introduction as a forage crop. This invasive and noxious weed has gotten so out of control that many states require landowners to kill Johnson grass. If you are a landowner bothered by a troublesome invasion of the perennial weed, you probably just want to get rid of Johnson grass. - Source: Internet
• When Johnson grass grows near the lawn, keep the turf thick and healthy to discourage the invasion of Johnson grass. Take a soil test and apply recommended amendments to keep the grass growing. Reseed thin areas of the lawn and mow at the proper height for your variety of grass to keep it healthy and competitive against the Johnson grass. - Source: Internet
• No mechanical controls for johnson****grass are currently in widespread use. Mowing can be done in some infestations, but this does not generally eradicate johnson****grass. Since johnson****grass has long rhizomes, hand-removal is difficult. However, hand-removal for small patches in a landscape or vegetable garden may be feasible. Flooding infested areas with 2 to 4 inches of water for 3 to 6 weeks in early spring will kill most rhizomes, but it does not impact viable seed in the soil profile. - Source: Internet
• Vasey, G. 1889. The agricultural grasses and forage plants of the United States; and such foreign kinds as have been introduced. USDA Botanical Division Special Bulletin. - Source: Internet
• In other words, it’s most harmful when under stress. Signs of Johnsongrass poisoning include anxiety, labored breathing, convulsions, and increased pulse rate. Death can occur if lethal levels of Johnsongrass are consumed. Consult your veterinarian immediately if you suspect an animal has eaten Johnsongrass. - Source: Internet
• It is less expensive and time-consuming to keep johnson****grass and shattercane out of a field than to control these weeds once they are established. To prevent an infestation, plant only certified weed-free seeds. Control johnson****grass and shattercane in fencerows and noncrop areas to reduce sources of weed seeds. Drive equipment around, rather than through, isolated patches of weeds. To avoid spreading rhizomes, thoroughly clean equipment (especially combines) after working in infested fields,and harvest infested fields last so that seeds will not be transported into other areas. - Source: Internet
• Figure 3. Johnsongrass rhizome. Photo by Sarah Lancaster, K-State Research and Extension. - Source: Internet
• Johnsongrass is suggested to be intolerant of frequent mowing. However, it will persist with monthly hay cutting, so do not expect good control from cutting alone in most hay operations. Johnsongrass rhizomes store significant energy, which allows for rapid regrowth following cutting. - Source: Internet
• Every yard gets weeds at some point, so weed removal goes with the territory. But when that weed is an invasive plant that is tough to control, it’s another story altogether. Learn how to get rid of Johnsongrass, a noxious weed that grows fast, spreads even quicker, and can be hard to remove. - Source: Internet
• Planting alfalfa or small grains in rotation provides an opportunity to control johnson****grass or shattercane with glyphosate (Roundup Ultra 4S). Apply glyphosate at 1 to 2 quarts per acre before planting alfalfa, winter wheat, or winter barley, or after harvesting spring oats. Apply when johnson****grass is 12 to 18 inches tall and actively growing. Tilling 5 to 7 days after application will improve the level of control. - Source: Internet
• Dispersal: Johnsongrass seeds are dispersed by water, on machinery, in contaminated grain and hay, and by wind for short distances. They pass through cattle digestive tracts and are spread with manure. They are also dispersed by birds. Within a field, johnson****grass disperses from the primary source by movement of rhizomes in the direction of tillage. - Source: Internet
• Johnsongrass has a dirty secret hidden under the ground that makes it particularly effective at taking over. When you pull up a stalk of the plant, noting the telltale purple at its base, you’ll see Johnsongrass grows rhizomes—long roots that stretch horizontally beneath the soil. You can see what this looks like in the video. - Source: Internet
• During the hottest part of the summer, spread clear plastic tarps across the area with Johnsongrass. Secure the tarps and leave them in place for four to six weeks. The idea is to create a hot environment where the Johnsongrass can’t survive. Be advised that this will likely kill your existing grass as well. - Source: Internet
• –Prowl 4EC (pendimethalin) or Treflan 4EC (trifluralin). Incorporated applications of Prowl or Treflan will suppress johnson****grass and shattercane seedlings. They are not effective on johnson****grass rhizomes. Apply Prowl at 1 to 3 pints and Treflan at 1 to 2 pints per acre. - Source: Internet
• In tall fescue, there are no selective herbicides for post-emergent Johnsongrass control. Glyphosate can be spot applied or selectively applied through a ropewick or rotowiper type applicator. This technique requires a good height difference between the forage grass and Johnsongrass and at least two application passes (back and forth, or perpendicular) to get good coverage. This method misses seedling Johnsongrass that is too short to receive the herbicide treatment. In warm season grasses, there are four main herbicide options (Table 1). - Source: Internet
• Origin and distribution: Johnsongrass is native from southern Europe through India. It was introduced into the southeastern United States in the early 1800s as a forage crop and subsequently spread through most of the United States. It has been introduced into most of the temperate and tropical areas of the world but is best adapted to the humid summer rainfall areas of the subtropics. A variety that overwinters only as seeds was reported to be spreading northward into southern Canada. - Source: Internet
• Prowl H2O (pendimethalin). In established warm season grasses, there is one option for preemergent (seedling Johnsongrass) control. Prowl H2O can only be applied during dormant period. This treatment can be used on established warm-season forage grasses. - Source: Internet
• Put the vinegar in a spray bottle and apply it straight to the weed. Keep in mind that vinegar will burn your turfgrass as well. Target the plants as directly as possible with the spray bottle, and avoid applying on a windy day. You may want to wear gloves to avoid having the vinegar smell on your hands the rest of the day. - Source: Internet
• Farming is, at its core, about managing and caring for the land. And, unfortunately, most farmers will encounter a weed species that wants to challenge that control. On my farm in Texas, our main weed problem is Johnsongrass. So I’m slowly bu surely fighting the invasive plant to eliminate its hold on Hackberry Farm. - Source: Internet
• Johnsongrass is a problem in pastures, fields, prairies, roadsides, and waste places. It can form dense stands, replacing the surrounding native vegetation. Although it can be used as a forage crop, caution should be taken because of potential cyanide poisoning. On roadsides, its height can obstruct visibility. It is tolerant of a wide range of terrestrial conditions, but it generally does not tolerate deep shade. - Source: Internet
• Effective weed control isn’t about just spraying herbicide and walking away. You have to know your enemy. Correctly identifying Johnsongrass as the primary weed challenge on our farm determines how we battle the noxious plant. - Source: Internet
• Season of emergence: Johnsongrass sprouts begin emerging in the spring when soil temperatures reach about 59°F. Seedling emergence is greatest in late spring but continues throughout the growing season. In Texas, johnson****grass seedlings began emerging at 61°F. The minimum temperature for seedling emergence of johnson****grass in Argentina was 47°F, which is similar to the minimum temperature of 49°F required for emergence of shoots from rhizomes in Italy. - Source: Internet
• In addition to spraying, we’re also very attentive to our mowing. Why? Johnsongrass doesn’t like competition, so by selective cutting, we give native grasses a foothold to take over. In time, this will lessen the weed’s presence. - Source: Internet
• Johnsongrass is a perennial grassy weed native to the Mediterranean region. It was exported worldwide primarily for erosion control and can now be found growing on every continent except Antarctica. Its common name references Alabama plantation owner William Johnson who sowed seeds on his river-bottom land sometime in the 1840s to control water erosion. - Source: Internet
• Johnsongrass reproduces by seeds and by rhizomes. Each rhizome segment, or node, can produce shoots and roots. Seeds remain dormant in the soil for several years. - Source: Internet
• Wear proper PPE, including gloves, a mask, and protective eyewear. The Missouri Department of Conservation advises never spraying so heavily that herbicide drips off the plant. They also recommend applying herbicide by backing away from the application area so you don’t walk through grass that may have chemicals on it. - Source: Internet
• McWhorter, C.G. 1972. Factors affecting Johnsongrass rhizome production and germination. Weed Science 20: 41–45. - Source: Internet
• The seeds of Johnson grass that are missed during the applications can remain viable for as long as ten years so it is best to prevent the seeds from being spread in the first place. Take steps to prevent the spread of seeds and rhizomes to areas that are not infested. Digging clumps of Johnson grass in the yard or small garden is a start. Dispose of the clumps where they cannot reseed or spread. It is best to do this before the grass goes to seed, to further prevent the spread of the seeds. - Source: Internet
• Soil physical requirements: Johnsongrass tolerates a wide range of soil conditions but does best on porous lowland soils and least well on poorly drained clay soils. Compaction restricts growth. The species tolerates one to four weeks of flooding. Rhizomes grow closer to the surface in clay soils than in sandy loam. - Source: Internet
• Drought tolerance: Long rhizomes resist dehydration more than short rhizomes, and long rhizomes can withstand long periods of drought. Johnsongrass responds to drought by allocating more resources to growth of fine roots that create a higher root surface area for uptake of water. Exposure of rhizome pieces to high temperature on the soil surface, however, kills them within a few days even in moist soil. They die in one to three days at 122–140°F and in about seven days at 86–95°F. - Source: Internet
• Shattercane, an annual weed resembling forage sorghum or sudangrass, has smooth, waxy leaves and reaches 4 to 8 feet in height at maturity. It does not have rhizomes. The seeds are ovate (egg-shaped), slightly smaller than sorghum seeds, shiny, and black to deep reddish purple at maturity. (Shattercane seed is larger and more rounded than johnson****grass seed and can be seen by carefully removing young seedlings from the soil–the seed remains attached to the base of the young seedling.) The seed head is a loose or open panicle that tends to droop and shatters easily, spreading seeds and causing future weed problems. - Source: Internet
• Spot-treat isolated patches of johnson****grass or shattercane with glyphosate (Roundup Ultra 4S or other products containing glyphosate) when the weeds are 12 to 18 inches tall and actively growing. Add 1.25 ounces Roundup Ultra per gallon of water (1 percent volume per volume (v/v) solution). - Source: Internet
• Rhizomes are underground storage organs from which shoots can regrow after clipping, Philipp said. These rhizomes can grow to extraordinarily length, even a few feet into the ground. Because of this, Johnsongrass is very persistent, and can withstand control measures if not done strategically at the right time. - Source: Internet
• Sensitivity to disturbance: Most johnson****grass rhizomes lie in the plow layer where they can be disturbed by tillage, though one study found more than 10% of rhizomes below 12 inches. Short rhizome fragments (1–4 inches) were less vigorous and required 20–30 days longer to initiate new rhizome growth than fragments 6–8 inches. See also “Drought tolerance” and “Sensitivity to frost.” - Source: Internet
• Your best bet for controlling Johnsongrass in your lawn is to use multiple strategies when tackling this weed. The good news is that all of the methods are relatively inexpensive, though you may pay in some sweat equity. Contact a local lawn treatment company if you need help. - Source: Internet
• “Never let Johnsongrass go into full bloom,” he said. “The seeds are viable and can be transported with wind over longer distances. Mow, clip, or graze while growth is young, and develop a long-term strategy for controlling Johnsongrass — that may include all possible forms of control.” - Source: Internet
• Response to fertility: Johnsongrass is highly responsive to nitrogen. For example, dry weight nearly doubled when 48 pounds per acre of N was applied. The species tolerates pH from 5 to 7.5. - Source: Internet
• Seed longevity: Johnsongrass seeds can survive for up to five years. In one study, johnson****grass seeds were able to survive for six years in undisturbed soil when buried at a depth of 9 inches but less than two years when buried more shallowly. The majority of overwinter seed losses when seeds remain on the soil surface was attributed to seed predation. Viability of buried seeds decreased an estimated 12–17% per year in Mississippi but 52% in one year in Arkansas. - Source: Internet
• Disking chops johnson****grass rhizomes, making them more susceptible to herbicides. Disk to a 6- to 8-inch depth several times before planting, and use a herbicide program that is effective on johnson****grass. Disking alone can spread rhizome fragments, so be sure to take appropriate follow-up measures. - Source: Internet
• Ball, C. R. 1902. Johnsongrass: Report of investigations made during the season of 1901. USDA Bulletin 11. - Source: Internet
• Seed may occasionally drift into turfgrass from surrounding infestations. The newly established Johnsongrass plants become very apparent in the spring as they grow much faster than the turfgrass plants. However, even though this weed is a heavyweight in other locations, it’s a wimp in turfgrass. Dave noted that Johnsongrass will not survive continues mowing at turfgrass cutting heights. - Source: Internet
• And that’s not the only reason Johnsongrass is hard to contain. In addition to the invading rhizomes, each flower on the plant produces hundreds of seeds. Even worse, the seeds remain viable for more than 10 years in the ground, according to the Missouri University Extension . - Source: Internet
• Using herbicides will not be enough to get rid of Johnsongrass completely. Look for post-emergent herbicides that specifically list Johnsongrass as one of the weeds it will help control. Be mindful that some herbicides can kill off grass and surrounding landscaping, so be careful when applying it. - Source: Internet
• There are no known biological methods. Continual grazing by foraging animals at high stocking rates will reduce populations. Hogs consume johnson****grass rhizomes. - Source: Internet
• As with most invasive weeds and grasses, using multiple strategies usually works best for Johnson grass control. This means that you may use a Johnson grass herbicide program along with other kinds of Johnson grass control methods. This is fitting, as Johnson grass reproduces and invades crop areas in two ways, spreading both by seed and rhizomes to overtake farmland and other areas of your property. The rhizomes of Johnson grass are identified by thick cream-colored rhizomes, covered with orange scales. - Source: Internet
• Mature Johnsongrass plants have rhizomes that can run 5 to 6 feet (horizontally). The younger plants will likely have rhizomes that run a few inches in either direction. The roots will likewise be about 10 inches deep when the plant is young, but can grow as much as 5 feet in depth. - Source: Internet
• Johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.] is a warm-season perennial grass and one of the most persistent and troublesome weeds in the southern United States (Mueller et al. 1993). This EDIS publication was developed to help commercial nursery growers, landscapers, and other green industry professionals identify and manage johnson****grass. - Source: Internet
• When plants begin to sprout in the spring, you can pull the weed out by hand . Use a hand trowel or sharp weeder to loosen the rhizomes and roots. When pulling the Johnsongrass in your lawn, remove all of the roots and rhizomes, don’t just cut them off. - Source: Internet
• Figure 1. Johnsongrass ligule. Photo by Sarah Lancaster, K-State Research and Extension. - Source: Internet

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